The refractometer is a good tool, but it is important to remember that it measures the refractive index of the total solution, not the cutting fluid concentrate. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Guthrie et al15 collected urine samples from 279 hospital outpatients and found r = .88 between reagent strips and refractometry when no correction was made for the presence of glucose in the urine and r = .92 when a correction was made for glucose. WebAdvantages of Reractometer very small volume needed temp not necessary Harmonic Oscillation Densitometry base on principle that frequency of a sound wave entering a 2 What are the advantages of refractometry? However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. However, the measurement is affected by alcohol, and the Final Gravity reading needs to be corrected Continue reading Refractometer measures the urine density on the basis of the index of light refraction. The refractometer and hydrometer were reliable between trials, but the reagent strips were not. Brandon CA. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. A refractometer is a device which measures the content (brix or sugar, honey, urine, salt, battery fluid) of a solution by the refraction of light. WebSaline Refractometer is the way to go. Urine specific gravity is a measurement of the volume of particles in the urine. Image 3: The image shows the proper way of collecting a urine sample. The urine should be collected first thing in the morning. Using a Handheld Analog Refractometer A significant interaction occurred between method and trial (F2,160 = 4.079, P = .0187) (Table (Table2).2). The whole strip is dipped in the urine sample and you have to watch out for changes in colors of each square. Intraclass coefficients between refractometry and hydrometry were moderate (R = .869) and low between refractometry and reagent strips (R = .573). Popowski et al11 also concluded that measurement of urine specific gravity by refractometry was a valid assessment of hydration status, although it may lag somewhat behind plasma osmolality during progressive acute dehydration. If you are going to compare the urine dipstick test to the conventional urine test, you will notice that the dipstick test is more convenient. Bland-Altman plot for refractometry and hydrometry. Not sure if I'll ever use it again, since it does require such a large (compared to a refractometer) sample to get a reading. This is a health risk for the wrestler, which is the very situation the NCAA was trying to prevent with the establishment of the new wrestling rules. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Main effects were significant for both method and trial (Table (Table3).3). Armstrong LE, Maresh CM, Castellani JW, et al. Here are some examples of the advantages of a refractometer: Advantages are, only one or two drops of urine is sufficient and temperature correction not necessary. Search for similar pages. False positives and false negatives are reported as a percentage of all samples. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Epub 2021 Mar 1. This study was designed to pr A comparison of reagent strips and the refractometer for measurement of urine specific gravity in hospitalized children Pediatr Nurs. Urine specific gravity is a measure of the ratio of the density of urine to the density of water. (4) Definition. Three certified athletic trainers and one athletic training student who were experienced in refractometer, hydrometer, and reagent-strip measurements served as testers. Refractometer: determines the concentration of the dissolved particles in the specimen by measuring the refractive index. How can we avoid the occurrence of weld porosity? Pediatr Nephrol. WebA urine specific gravity measured by refractometer is 1.029, and the temperature of the urine is 14 degrees C. The specific gravity should be reported as: 1.027: Refractive index Hematologic, Plasma Biochemical, Protein Electrophoretic, and Total Solid Values of Captive Oriental Turtle Doves (. Its also important to know that youre using a refractometer calibrated for use with seawater as many cheap refractometers are actually designed for use in brine, a simple solution of salt and water without the other elements naturally found in seawater. WebTo prepare a solution appropriate for quality control of the refractometer, a technician should use: A. urea with a specific gravity of 1.040 B. water with a specific gravity of 1.005 C. sodium chloride with a specific gravity of 1.022 D. calcium chloride with an osmolarity of 460 The sample solution will have its own wavelength and will absorb a certain amount of light. Advantages are, only one or two drops of urine is sufficient and temperature correction not necessary. Refractometers are especially useful for determining urine specific gravity on veterinary samples because they require relatively small sample volumes. Indianapolis, IN: National Collegiate Athletic Association; 1998. These include red blood cells, white blood cells, and epithelial cells. Place the cylinder on the lab bench and read the volume of the water using the bottom of the meniscus and the volume makings on the cylinder. The specific gravity can be measured by a. Urinometer : less accurate method. 11. deteremines concentration of dissolved substances in specimen. Urine samples were divided into 2 subsamples (trials A and B) for analysis. National Library of Medicine First, place an empty graduated cylinder on a balance, determine its mass and record the value under the Density of Water: Data Table. Refractometer: determines the concentration of the dissolved particles in the specimen by measuring the refractive index. Start urinating in the toilet and pass the collection container in the urine stream. The advantages and disadvantages of a urine test strip Advantages It is convenient to use. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, Can you measure final gravity with a refractometer? The health care provider uses a dipstick made with a color-sensitive pad. When performing the test in a laboratory setting, you will be given a sterile container to catch the urine sample. Clinical refractometers have a readout that gives serum albumen and urine specific gravity, which can be used to test for urine sample tampering. Twenty-one National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III collegiate wrestlers provided fresh urine samples. Catch at least two ounces of urine into the container. Why SJF Cannot be implemented practically? As described previously, McCrossin and Roy12 found that the correlation between refractometry and hydrometry diminished in the high range of urine specific-gravity measurements. They reported a correlation of .796 between the reagent strips and refractometry and reported that the reagent strips were not affected by glucose in the urine, but that urine protein may have had an effect. 2019 Dec;48(4):702-709. doi: 10.1111/vcp.12781. (6, 7, and 8). Accessibility Clean with distilled water and dry with a soft non-abrasive cloth. In addition to concluding that reagent strips cannot replace refractometry, these researchers also reported that urine glucose and protein had no effect on reagent-strip specific-gravity measurements. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Refractometer advantages: nexpensive instrument Refractometer disadvantages: Tedious calibration No instrument protocol Operator dependent readings( limited accuracy) Long and difficult thermosetting (water bath is required after each experiment) Hydrometer advantages: Quick instrument Simple method Inexpensive instrument A urine specific gravity test compares the density of urine with the density of water. Because of increased density of urine compared to that of water, the urinometer will float higher in urine than in water. The validity of hydrometry and reagent strips was assessed by comparison with refractometry, the criterion measure for urine specific gravity. Webadvantages: The handheld refractometer is very easy to operate. 1988;26(3):195-242. doi: 10.3109/10408368809105890. A urine specific gravity measured by refractometer is 1.029, and the temperature of the urine is 14 degrees C. The specific gravity should be reported as: 1.027. advantages of refractometer compared to urinometerobligation affichage fermeture administrativeobligation affichage fermeture administrative A summary of the methods available is given in Table 1. Gounden D, Newall RG. A refractometer can be affected by particle size, temperature, and concentration of the solution as well as light wavelength. In a routine urinalysis, the urine is checked for its appearance, concentration, and composition. What to keep in mind when performing urinalysis? First, it There are several advantages to using a refractometer instead of a hydrometer, especially in that the refractometer does not suffer from many of the same shortcomings of the hydrometer. What is the corrected value? A false negative was defined as a measurement by the hydrometer or reagent strip indicating euhydration (value did not exceed 1.020), when the refractometer indicated dehydration (value exceeded 1.020). Intraclass reliability between trials was high for refractometry (R = .998) and hydrometry (R = .987) and moderate for reagent strips (R = .854). Comparison of hydrometry, refractometry, osmometry, and Ames N-Multistix SG in estimation of urinary concentration. A limitation of our study is that none of the subjects was severely dehydrated, so we did not assess the reliability and validity of the 3 methods in this situation. WebRefractometer advantages: nexpensive instrument Refractometer disadvantages: Tedious calibration No instrument protocol Operator dependent readings( limited ii. Refractive index compares: Light velocity in air with light velocity in solutions. Compare dipstick testing for urine specific gravity with urinometer and refractometer testing 34. refractometer What are advantages of using a refractometer? What are the advantages of using a refractometer instead of other specific gravity measurement equipment used in clinical microscopy? Refractometry, hydrometry, and reagent strips are commonly used to assess urine specific gravity. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. McCrossin and Roy12 described the overall correlation between refractometry and hydrometry as good. In studies comparing refractometry with reagent strips, several researchers have suggested that reagent strips are an acceptable alternative to refractometry,1315 whereas others have concluded that they are not.12,1619 Although these findings are contradictory, the interclass Pearson correlation coefficients reported in these previous validity studies might not be the most appropriate statistical approach to use when comparing 2 methods of measurement.20,21 Furthermore, none of these authors assessed the reliability of refractometry, hydrometry, or reagent strips. Easy to interpret Cost-effective The analysis can be done in just a few minutes of collecting urine. Urine samples greater than 60 mL were measured in an Assistant Urinprober hydrometer (model 242; Sondheim/Rhon, Germany), which is graduated in intervals of 0.001 units with a scale ranging from 1.000 to 1.060. National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement: fluid replacement for athletes. The reagent strips were placed in the urine and removed and specific gravity read between 45 and 60 seconds after removal. In 1998, the NCAA allowed the use of all 3 methods.4 However, in 1999, the use of reagent strips was eliminated.6 Previous reports have indicated that refractometry is the criterion measure for urine specific gravity7 and that urine specific gravity measured by refractometry is a valid indication of hydration status.811 In 2 papers assessing urinary indices of hydration status, Armstrong et al8,9 reported that urine specific-gravity measurement by refractometry was a more sensitive indication of hydration status than blood measurements, including plasma osmolality, plasma sodium, or hematocrit. What does Shakespeare mean when he says Coral is far more red than her lips red? Urinalysis can be done at home using a urine strip test readily available in the leading pharmacy or in a laboratory setting. Telephone: 44 (0)24 7657 2601 Fax: 44 (0)24 7652 3437 E-mail: hist dot med at warwick dot ac dot uk. Inexpensive - Low initial cost and low levels of maintenance. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. procedure: 1 Collecting the urine. Purpose: To learn about the international system of units (SI), to become familiar with common lab equipment and techniques, to gain proficiency in determining volume, mass, length, and temperature of a variety of items using common laboratory measurement devices, to learn to combine units to determine density and concentration, and to use laboratory equipment to create serial dilutions and determine the density and concentration of each dilution. If the urinometer is then placed in urine, a reading between 1.010 and 1.030 signifies that the urine is within normal levels, otherwise it contains either too much, or not enough, protein. (1, 2, and 3). As weights are added one by one to the scales, water can be added to the tank so that the hydrostatic force balances the weights and bring the arm back to horizontal. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The refractometer reading will let you know the relationship between your viscometer read-out and the actual solids. II. Measuring urine S.G. A refractometer is an instrument that measures the refractive index of a liquid. In conclusion, our results suggest that the refractometer is a reliable measure of urine specific gravity.
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