We can thank those two for fringe outfits, flower headbands, and probably Coachella. They found that coins, monuments, and other artifacts of that period barely mention anything about Muhammad and Islam. It is important that original hypotheses that have gone through peer review do not get presented in Wikipedia as representing scientific consensus or fact. One important barometer for determining the notability and level of acceptance of fringe ideas related to science, history or other academic pursuits is the presence or absence of peer-reviewed research on the subject. Beer. He is presented as a person of wisdom, but disrespects his elders. The prominence of fringe views needs to be put in perspective relative to the views of the entire encompassing field; limiting that relative perspective to a restricted subset of specialists or only among the proponents of that view is, necessarily, biased and unrepresentative. In the case of obscure fringe theories, secondary sources that describe the theories should be carefully vetted for reliability. In August 2012, it was reported that Miguel Trevio Morales had replaced Lazcano as the leader of Los Zetas. In his work, Brooks-Baker suggested that every US presidential election has been won by the candidate with the most royal blood. Todashev is now thought to have been unarmed during the incident. The strongest argument is that the records of Muhammads exploits, the Quran, and Islam only became known to the rest of the world long after the birth of the religion. Yet. There is now scientific proof for the existence of a giant primate species in North Americaa species fitting the descriptions of sasquatches (bigfoots).". Historians such as Robert Spencer and, more recently, Sven Muhammad Kalisch cite several historical inaccuracies that give weight to this theory. The theory stands in direct contrast to the standard Savannah theory, which holds that our ancestors evolved modern human traits in the open plains. By the same token, the purpose of Wikipedia is not to offer originally synthesized prose "debunking" notable ideas which the scientific community may consider to be absurd or unworthy. : Fringe science. Fringe theories may be excluded from articles about scientific topics when the scientific community has ignored the ideas. Since that time, the theory has been heavily investigated in the study of allergic disorders. The complicated relationship between the level of acceptance of an idea and its notability is explored below. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Fringe: Season 1 [Blu-ray] at the best online prices at eBay! What can we reasonably expect from ageing research? Such theories strive to explain different mental processes including how the mind processes information and how our thoughts lead to certain emotions and behaviors. It was initially reported that Todashev was killed while alone with the FBI agent. Independent sources are also necessary to determine the relationship of a fringe theory to mainstream scholarly discourse. Bush can be seen having a private conversation with Larry King about the drug Halcion (about 6:20 in the above video). Pseudoscience usually relies on attacking mainstream scientific theories and methodology while lacking a critical discourse itself (as is common among proponents of creation science), relies on weak evidence such as anecdotal evidence or weak statistical evidence (as for example in parapsychology), or indulges a suspect theoretical premise (such as the claims of water memory made by advocates of homeopathy). Discussion of mainstream ideas should be sourced from reliable mainstream sources. Another archaeologist, Patrick McGovern, proposed something far more radical. Despite the theorys popularity, modern human genetics doesnt support the idea. The smog has spawned a large number of conspiracy theories, revolving around US Steels refusal to release the records about the disaster, including an air chemical analysis. He then used the videos to create the 1995 documentary titled Spin. Wikipedia is not a place to right great wrongs. In particular, the relative space that an article devotes to different aspects of a fringe theory should follow from consideration primarily of the independent sources. The movie examines a large number of TV outtakes that touch on the 1992 presidential election, the LA riots, and abortion protests. Close attention should be paid to the treatment of those who hold fringe viewpoints, since as a rule they are the focus of controversy. The Washington Post has also asked for answers about how Todashev died. It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though it is best treated with, For what to do with a subject that does not qualify for a separate article, see. Further elaborating the continuous magnetization model of uniaxial permanent magnets and magnetic actuation principles at the high fields (28-31), in this study, we present a canvas of UHF magnetic guidewire steering strategies in the MRI scanner ().By challenging the common assumption that the magnetic objects are fully aligned with the ultrahigh MRI main field (8, 27), we observed that the . Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [5] For example, focal infection theory, which held that focal infections of the tonsils or teeth are a primary cause of systemic disease, was once considered to be medical fact. "[31], The media also play a role in propagating the belief that certain fields of science are controversial. During the Middle Ages, invading armies would fling plague-ridden corpses over castle walls. [2]:172 One example of such is plate tectonics, an idea which had its origin in the fringe science of continental drift and was rejected for decades. [2] : 58 [3] The general public has difficulty distinguishing between science and its imitators, [2] : 173 and in some cases a "yearning to believe or a generalized suspicion of experts . Activation Theory Actor-Observer Difference Affect Infusion Model Affect Perseverance Aggression Ambiguity effect Amplification Hypothesis Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic Anticipatory Regret see Regret Theory Appraisal Theory Attachment Theory Attachment Style Attitude Attitude-Behavior Consistency Attribution Theory Automatic Believing After the story made headlines, the girl said that she wasnt surprised by the connection because the people seemed to have a common trait of wanting power. Alchemy is the now-defunct pseudoscientific quest to discover the philosopher's stone, coveted by the particularly greedy and those who couldn't cope with their own mortality. On October 27, residents noticed a thick, yellowish, and acrid smog cloud hovering over the city. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. . As a result, founders and believers of fringe theories often end up as objects of ridicule. Cognitive theories of psychology are focused on internal states, such as motivation, problem-solving, decision-making, thinking, and attention. Wikipedia primarily focuses on the state of knowledge today, documenting the past when appropriate (identifying it as such), and avoiding speculation about the future. A list created by: Lee Sonogan Science gives as the most absolute truths. Dr. Robert Carton of the Environmental Protection Agency has claimed that fluoridation is the greatest case of scientific fraud of the century, if not of all time. On the other hand, the Center for Disease Control lists water fluoridation as one of the 10 greatest public health achievements of the 20th century, its used by dentists everywhere (theyre the people who care about your teeth), and its found in many toothpaste brands. This label does not cover theories that . While undoubtedly outlandish, this was by no means the only crazy evolutionary theory about our ancestors. A fringe theory is an idea or viewpoint held by a small group of supporters. Agran gained public support during his campaign, but he was banned from debates and conferences. If an article is written about a well-known topic about which many peer-reviewed articles are written, it should not include fringe theories that may seem relevant but are only sourced to obscure texts that lack peer review. In 2013, a study was published revealing that no physical health effects have been observed among the Japanese public because of the radiation. A study published in April 2013 suggested that nuclear fallout from Fukushima has caused significant elevated rates of congenital thyroid illness in infants born on the West Coast of the US and Hawaii. The negative information around Fukushima has caused people in Japan, Canada, and the United States to call for a monitoring system that will track air pollution and seafood quality on a weekly basis. Superseded scientific theories. Yes, that is correct, his name is Rich Walker. In 1405, the document was banned by the church, and in 1543, it was used by Martin Luther to condemn Jews. This feat was verified by sailor Philip Beale. To solve the problem, the Japanese government has decided to build a mile-long impenetrable frozen wall beneath the plant, to prevent groundwater from mixing with contaminated water. For more criteria, see Trefil, James S. (1978). According to some revisionist historians, most notably a former Soviet intelligence officer named Vladimir Rezun, Stalins mobilization of millions of men across the countrys European borders was not a defensive one. The speech is said to include Franklin saying that the Jewish people will amass in large numbers and attempt to change the US government. Ideas that are of borderline or minimal notability may be mentioned in Wikipedia, but should not be given undue weight. Some scholars have suggested the book was put together no earlier than the sixth century, while the earliest mention of the book is thought to have come from the year 826. Postulated by Azjen (1991)5, the theory of planned behavior (TPB) is a generalized theory of human behavior in the social psychology literature that can be used to study a wide range of individual behaviors. Whereas Illigs hypothesis drops approximately 300 years off the calendar, Fomenko asserts that 1,100 years of history have been a total sham, thanks to the machinations of churchmen in the 15th and 16th centuries. Collectively their conclusions are ground-breaking. The radiation cloud will continue to move around the world for decades, while the Pacific Ocean will be polluted by the complete failure of the power plant. Wikipedia is not and must not become the validating source for non-significant subjects, and it is not a forum for original research. Even reputable news outlets have been known to publish credulous profiles of fringe theories and their proponents, and there continue to be many completely unreliable sources masquerading as legitimate. Rarely, fringe ideas do become accepted by 'regular' scientists. It can include work done to the appropriate level of scholarship in a field of study but only supported by a minority of practitioners, to more dubious work. They also point out similarities between the customs and ceremonies of the Jewish and Shinto religions. Formulated by French librarian Jean Hardouin in 1693, this theory holds that a shadowy group had forged numerous ancient Greek, Roman, and Latin texts during the 13th and 14th centuries. The idea runs parallel with the fringe theory that the term conspiracy theory was invented by the CIA to discredit people who question media accounts of important events. Weve covered Gilles de Raiss horrific crimes too many times already. A conjecture that has not received critical review from the scientific community or that has been rejected may be included in an article about a scientific subject only if other high-quality reliable sources discuss it as an alternative position. It must be shown that reliable sources treat the journal as a respected peer-reviewed journal. To search for food, our ancestors developed an upright posture that enabled them to use their hands while wading into deeper waters. Economics . Together with beat poet Allen Ginsberg, Leary began the psychedelic revolution, and encouraged his followers to turn on, tune in, drop out.. Scholarly opinion is generally the most authoritative source to identify the mainstream view. The neutral point of view policy requires that all majority and significant-minority positions be included in an article. For one, His crucifixion was too brief (around six hours) to ensure certain death. Munich Personal RePEc Archive The Search for New Drugs: A Theory of RD in the Pharmaceutical Industry Khazabi, Massoud and Quyen, Nguyen University of Ottawa 1 September 2010 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39462/ MPRA Paper No. The Nazi invasion, code-named Operation Barbarossa, caught the Soviets totally off guard, since they did not expect the Germans to attack. ", "A report from the American Physical Society spring meeting 12 May 1989 Baltimore, MD Special session on cold fusion", "Distinguishing science from pseudoscience", http://podcastdownload.npr.org/anon.npr-podcasts/podcast/77/510036/143369581/KERA_143369581.mp3, "Optimising public understanding of science: A comparative perspective", CSICOP On-line: Scientifically Investigating Paranormal and Fringe Science Claims, "Parapsychology: Science or Pseudo-Science? Jeffrey Amherst, infamous racist douchebag, goes down in history for giving Native Americans blankets covered in smallpox germs to Extirpate this Execrable Race.. For this reason, notability guidelines for fringe topics are stricter than general notability guidelines: the notability of a fringe theory must be judged by statements from verifiable and reliable sources, not the proclamations of its adherents. During the event, people were forced to fight to the death in a manner similar to the gladiator fights of ancient Rome. Some historical ideas that are considered to have been refuted by mainstream science are: Relatively recent fringe sciences include: Some theories that were once rejected as fringe science, but were eventually accepted as mainstream science, are: Michael W. Friedlander has suggested some guidelines for responding to fringe science, which, he argues, is a more difficult problem[2]:174 than scientific misconduct.
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