[26], During the war, Quantrill met the 13-year-old Sarah Katherine King at her parents' farm in Blue Springs, Missouri. Also notable is that the group included the young Jesse James and his older brother Frank James. The confidence of the men in their leader was slipping; many suspected that as a Northerner, Quantrill fought for no principles, just self-serving purposes of gathering plunder and increasing military rank. [28] Some of Quantrill's celebrity later rubbed off on other ex-Raiders, like John Jarrett, George and Oliver Shepherd, Jesse and Frank James, and Cole Younger, who went on after the war to apply Quantrill's hit-and-run tactics to bank and train robbery. As one of the few regular officers to bother studying guerrilla tactics, Cox was the man for the job and was given men experienced in fighting bushwackers. William was a school teacher in Ohio and Illinois for a brief period before going to Kansas with a party of settlers in 1857. Price sought to incorporate most of them into his column rather than dispersing them throughout the state to draw off Union troops. He died from his wounds on June 6, 1865, at the age of 27. In the late 1890s, Langford settled in northwest Missouri, south of Albany. And that is the terrible truth of the story of Bloody Bill Anderson. HE RODE WITH, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. The shirt indicated the relationship the wearer had with its creator, mother, wife, sister, or girlfriend and was a symbol of the important role women played in sustaining the guerrillas and nursing their wounds. William Quantrill first came to Kansas in 1859 at age 22. 133-44. When asked why he joined Quantrill, Anderson replied by saying, "I have chosen guerrilla warfare to revenge myself for wrongs that I could not honorable revenge otherwise. After what became known as the First Battle of Independence, the Confederate government decided to secure the loyalty of Quantrill by issuing him a "formal army commission" to the rank of captain. Terrell himself held the poorest of reputations. Instead Price began a meandering march in which he wasted his strength in a series of pointless battles. Much of the dramatic build-up to the Civil War centered on the violence that erupted on the KansasMissouri border between pro- and anti-slavery militias. In his teens, Quantrill had short-term stints of employment as a teacher in Ohio, Illinois, and later, in Kansas. After a local request, the US government provided a new headstone for Andersons grave in 1969. It was considered good sport to switch the decapitated heads to different bodies or impale them on fence posts. In their initial formation, Quantrill's Raiders were nothing more than a collection of pro-Confederate men who fought Union sympathizers in Missouri and Kansas, both of which were (more or less) under control of the Union at the time. He continued to claim that he was Captain Clarke of the 4th Missouri Cavalry, knowing he would be executed if his earlier confession was discovered. I aim to see him shot or hanged." "Yes, yes, well might you labor to that end," said Stonehill. Quantrill is often noted as influential in the minds of many bandits, outlaws and hired guns of the Old West as it was being settled. For instance, he wrote to his good friend W.W. Scott in January 1858 that the Lecompton Constitution was a "swindle" and that James H. Lane, a Northern sympathizer, was "as good a man as we have here". The local dentist, who doubled as the town photographer, was summoned to take two shots of Andersons corpse propped up in a chair. Nodaway County author Homer Croy wrote of Quantrill, Because of Quantrill, widows wailed, orphans cried, maidens wept. Croy was echoing the sentiment of William Elsey Connelley, author of the 1909 book Quantrill and the Border Wars, in his introduction to the 1956 Civil War Book Club edition of Connelleys book. Unsettled, he appeared to always be on the move, often pushed and honed by associations with gamblers, thieves, and killers in his late teens. On that day, Sharp was found severely beaten and died several hours later without giving information about his attackers. Quantrill and his followers decided that revenge would be had for the girls deaths, and the location would be the Kansas town of Lawrence, an abolitionist hotbed and home to Jayhawker Senator James Lane, who had led the raid on Osceola. Events & Documents, Civil War . Lawrence had been seen for years as the stronghold of the antislavery forces in Kansas and as a base of operation for incursions into Missouri by Jayhawkers and pro-Union forces. Quantrill. By this time, discipline had broken down in Prices army and the expedition increasingly occupied itself with looting, murder, and rape, especially of German women. Jesse, at sixteen, later joined Andersons band when Frank was still riding with Bloody Bill. 5. Quantrills last battle occurred in a pasture and wooded draw and barn lot near Taylorville in Spencer County, Kentucky, on May 10, 1865. Most of the bands now consisted of reckless and ruthless teenagers with lots of violent energy but little judgment. By comparison, William Clarke Quantrill was one of the most dangerous men of the Border Wars, cutting a swath of atrocities wherever he and the Quantrill Raiders rode.. Teachers and parents! William Quantrill was born at Canal Dover, Ohio, on July 31, 1837. Clements was soon back to taking scalps and leading a band of as many as 100 men in a rampage of murder, arson, and robbery even as the Confederate Army collapsed elsewhere. His behavior was constantly defended by his doting mother, who was always his champion, even as her son reached manhood. Later, the group became Confederate soldiers, who were referred to as "Quantrill's Raiders". Oklahoma Historical Society, John Bartlett Meserve. He spent most of his youth in Tuscarawas County, Ohio. Considered guerillas and not recognized as legitimate soldiers, Quantrills men were denied the general amnesty offered to the Confederate army upon Lees surrender. An earlier letter penned by Langford to Scott on September 8, 1888, from Clarinda, Iowa, is now in the possession of The Filson Historical Society and University of Kentucky Libraries, providing an eyewitness sketch of the last battle of William Clarke Quantrill. The Union officials, Palmer and Governor Thomas E. Bramlette, did not wish to see Quantrill staging a repeat of his performance in Missouri in 18621863. However, neighbors soon began to notice Quantrill stealing goods out of other people's cabins and so they banished him from the community in January 1858. In one of the war's great atrocities, Quantrill and his men burned. Clements was only 21-years-old when he died on December 13, 1866. Paul R. Petersen, December 2004. [14], On October 5, 1862, Quantrill attacked and destroyed Shawneetown, Kansas, and Bill Anderson soon revisited and torched the rebuilding settlement. Anderson was beside himself with anger and now became dedicated to a single purpose; the killing of as many Union soldiers as possible. Andersons command rode into General Prices camp on October 11. The Union responded to the Lawrence massacre by driving away from the population of three Missouri counties and allowing Jennisons Redlegs to torch everything left. Politics provided only a veneer of legitimacy for their violence and descent into depravity. All rights reserved, The Real Story Behind That Bad Man Stagger Lee, Joseph Orr Creates Landscapes of Serenity. Langford described the shooting in few words: I shot him in the left shoulderjust back of the shoulder bladethe ball ranging downward and lodging in the right groin. Quantrill was reportedly shot a second time as he fell, the bullet cutting off the trigger finger of his right hand. Quantrill received a field commission as captain in the Confederate army in August 1862 under the Confederate Partisan Act, but he often referred to himself as Colonel. Unlike Quantrill, his band of raiders never was sanctioned by the Confederate government. He always divided his pay with me. Andersons group performed well, cutting telegraph lines and striking the Union supply lines. [12], On March 11, 1862, Quantrill joined Confederate forces under Colonel John T. Hughes and took part in attack on Independence, Missouri. Duffy said that Sharp admitted he was Quantrill and discussed in detail raids in Kansas and elsewhere. He lived for another two years in great pain from his wound before dying on December 13, 1868. Some, like the veterans attending the bushwacker reunions under Quantrills vacant gaze, managed to adjust to post-war life. The group helped protect Missouri farmers from the Jayhawkers for pay and slept wherever they could find lodging. In January 1864, Union authorities recognized that the actions of the Jayhawkers were ineffective in countering the guerrillas but exceptional in turning the people against the Union by their murder, looting, and arson. Anderson kept his Confederate battle flag carefully folded amongst his personal effects, like a memory of an earlier time and purpose. Only two riders continued, plunging hell for leather through the Union line, but the troops turned around and brought both men down dead. By the summer of 1863, it was obvious the war in the West was lost. Quantrill's most brutal attack came in 1863 when he led 450 guerillas on a raid on the Union stronghold of Lawrence, Kansas. He is depicted in Robert Schenkkan's series of one-act plays, Quantrill's Lawrence Massacre of 1863 is depicted in. Contributions A boyhood friend of Quantrill, the newspaper reporter William W. Scott, claimed to have dug up the Louisville grave in 1887 and to have brought Quantrill's remains back to Dover at the request of Quantrill's mother. Within some weeks after the news stories were published, two men came to British Columbia, travelling to Quatsino from Victoria, leaving Quatsino on a return voyage of a coastal steamer the next day. Castel Albert: Quantrills Bushwackers: A Case Study in Guerrilla Warfare, Winning and Losing in the Civil War: Essays and Stories (Columbia, University of South Carolina Press, 1996), pp. Others, like the James brothers, the Younger brothers, and the Shepherd brothers, found the transition into peacetime difficult, both because they enjoyed the bushwacking life, but also because they were forced to live in constant fear of arrest or lynching by vigilantes. / by: Connelley, William Elsey, 1855-1930 Published: (1956) Charles W. Quantrell : a true history of his guerrilla warfare on the Missouri and Kansas border during the Civil War of 1861-1865 / by: Trow, Harrison, 1843-, et al. The Jayhawkers typically had access to Union arms and supplies while the guerrillas depended on foraging and the support of pro-secession families. 4. He died of wounds in June. By 1863 both the guerrillas and the Union cavalry were carrying this weapon. While his boyhood friends were busy kicking soccer balls and hitting baseballs, David was in the woods of Salem with paper and pencil, capturing the details of a perched barn swallow or a purple martin. Rita Skeeter used a long, acid green Quick-Quotes Quill when interviewing people for the Daily Prophet. His father, a high school principal, was less supportive. From this point on, the guerrillas fought in their own interest, not the Confederacies. Genre: Western. Nevertheless, the police strongly urged him to leave Mendota. Jennisons Jayhawkers later became enraged when they saw his grave in Richmond covered in flowers. Quotes. Quantrill's last battle occurred in a pasture and wooded draw and barn lot near Taylorville in Spencer County, Kentucky, on May 10, 1865. Duffy claimed to recognize the man, living under the name of John Sharp, as Quantrill. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. The battle at Westport was the turning point of the campaign, with Prices Army of Missouri badly defeated. Were they able to loot stores and rob civilians? Quantrill's father earned a living as a coppersmith. Quantrill was born in Ohio in 1837. He then took up with brigands and turned to cattle rustling and anything else that could earn him money. He is a quiet, unassuming gentleman, and it was with some difficulty that we gained his consent to relate the incidents of the much-discussed event.. With the declaration of war in 1861, the North and South separated into usually well-defined areas of battle geography that marked the American Civil War. The remains were supposedly buried in Dover in 1889, but Scott attempted to sell what he said were Quantrill's bones and so it is unknown if the remains he returned to Dover or buried in Dover were genuine. In May 1865, Quantrill was mortally wounded in combat by Union troops in Central Kentucky in one of the last engagements of the Civil War. Quantrill journeyed back home to Canal Dover that fall. Archives, A nation which does not remember what it was yesterday does not know where it is today., The Heritage Post -Preserving American History, Columbus: Sailor, Mariner, Providential Pathfinder, Letter from SC Commissioners to President Buchanan Asking Him to Withdraw Federal Troops from Charleston Harbor, 28 December 1860, https://www.scribd.com/doc/267011623/doug-scott-report?secret_password=JA9mGQDVbs3Yvzd6ENoX#fullscreen&from_embed. The guerrillas did not have access to Confederate uniforms, but in any case preferred to wear captured Union uniforms, which allowed them to confuse Union pickets and get close to their enemy, where their rapid-firing revolvers made the difference against muzzle-loading rifled muskets. As Sterling Price began his last attempt to Retake Missouri in September 1864, he encouraged the guerrillas to mount attacks on garrisons and disrupt communications. The rebel army was driven south into Arkansas and would not return to Missouri for over two years. In March 1864, General Price reportedly made Quantrill a colonel in the CSA in exchange for turning over a large number of his men to the army. He eventually ended up in Lawrence, where he taught school for a year. Artist David Plank cant remember a time when he wasnt drawn to birds. [19], In early October, Quantrill and his men rode south to Texas, where they decided to pass the winter. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Many witnesses described the guerrillas charging with reins between their teeth to enable revolver fire with both hands, but Frank James dismissed this in 1897 as dime novel stuff It was as important to hold the horse as it was to hold the pistol., The bushwackers never missed a chance to enrich themselves through the war, robbing stagecoaches, trains, shops, storehouses, and riverboats alike. Anderson, typically, decided direct action was appropriate. The remains were eventually gathered and placed in a shallow grave. The general and governor both erupted with rage at the display and told Anderson the CSA would have nothing to do with his band until all scalps disappeared. Quantrill was also the oldest of twelve children, four of whom died in infancy. The Ledger in yet another article on Friday, November 1, 1907, reported, Monday, Mr. Langford brought this office a batch of letters from W.W. Scott, of Canal Dover, Ohio, where Quantrells [sic] mother resided until her death and where the guerrilla was born and raised. 2023 Missouri Life Magazine. Newsletter Instant PDF downloads. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Fueling this conflict was a dispute over whether Kansas should be a slave-holding state or not. [citation needed] Soon thereafter, he signed on as a teamster with the U.S. Army expedition heading to Salt Lake City, Utah in the spring of 1858. Biographies A doctor examined him and advised him that his days were numbered and he should settle his business affairs. Here we have teen-aged Archie Clements. Dave Poole was one of Quantrills lieutenants and seems to have thought of himself as quite witty. The popularity of the weapons made it an icon of the Old West before production stopped in 1881. Some of the guerrillas were unwilling to live under Union occupation and joined General Jo Shelbys brigade as they crossed into Mexico to offer their services to Emperor Maximillian. Happy to read and share the best inspirational William Clarke Quantrill quotes, sayings and quotations on Wise Famous Quotes. His other two sisters suffered crippling injuries and disfigurement. The edict ordered the depopulation of three and a half Missouri counties along the Kansas border with the exception of a few designated towns, which forced tens of thousands of civilians to abandon their homes. Sons of Liberty The nonfictional leader of a pro-Confederate group of men who tore through Kansas and Missouri fighting Union soldiers and sympathizers. On August 25, in retaliation for the raid, General Ewing authorized General Order No. He told her that slavery was right and that he now detested Jim Lane. He mounted his horse and got partway down the street before falling prey to sharpshooters who lined the rooftops to prevent his escape. Battles William Quantrill Quick Facts Significance: Canal Dover, OH July 31, 1837 Place Of Death: Louisville, KY Date Of Death: June 6, 1865 Place Of Burial: Louisville, KY Cemetery Name: St. John's Catholic Cemetery William Clark Quantrill was born in 1837 in Ohio, where he was raised and taught school. Sawed-off shotguns were also in use and the personal arsenal was usually completed with Bowie knives and tomahawks for hand-to-hand fighting. It was a pro-Confederate partisan ranger outfit that was best known for its often brutal guerrilla tactics. At least three of the raiders died during the same assault at which Quantrill was mortally wounded. Never having the nerve to face him in life they destroyed what they could with their horses and finished by urinating on what was left. American Civil War, About If the South had won the war there would have been statues erected in his memory and countless mothers would have named their children after him. Before they could load again, Andersons men were among them with pistols blazing as scores of guerrillas poured out of the woods. Although he doesnt talk much about it. Terrell was a bad man, Langford wrote. Having endured a tempestuous childhood before later becoming a schoolteacher, Quantrill joined a group of bandits who roamed the Missouri and Kansas countryside to apprehend escaped slaves. Quantrill continued his career as a teacher, moving to Fort Wayne, Indiana, in February 1856. John Langford died at his home, six miles south of Albany, at 7 oclock last Sat. At this time, many Ohioans were migrating to the Kansas Territory in search of cheap land and opportunity. There, they met Joel B. Mayes and joined the Cherokee Nations. [25], Another legend that has circulated claims that Quantrill may have escaped custody and fled to Arkansas, where he lived under the name of L.J. It was the first public sign of the combination of vicious anger and callous regard for life that would characterize his short career as a guerrilla leader. 3. American Confederate guerilla leader (18371865). Sharp claimed that he had survived the ambush in Kentucky but received a bayonet and bullet wound, making his way to South America where he lived some years in Chile. The final death toll was three guerrillas to at least 116 Union dead. Be the first to contribute! He also learned the profitability of capturing runaway slaves and devised plans to use free black men as bait for runaway slaves, whom he subsequently captured and returned to their masters in exchange for reward money[citation needed]. Thirty-two such reunions were held, with the image of William Quantrill adopted as a kind of icon for the veterans, who posed with his portrait and wore ribbons with his image. The James Brothers, needless to say, used the skills they acquired as bushwackers to become two of the most famous American outlaws in the post-war period. John Langford rests in peace near his Missouri farm and friends in a beautiful country cemetery south of Albany. Explorers Listen carefully to instructions and never expect to be told anything a second time. At a very young age, he had joined the Kentucky Confederate troops. During the weeks immediately preceding the raid, Union General Thomas Ewing, Jr., had ordered the detention of any civilians giving aid to Quantrill's Raiders. He was wounded nine times before his death and was described as a maniac in battle. Todd wrested control of Quantrills band in the spring of 1864 before allying himself with Anderson. He also called the Democrats "the worst men we have for they are all rascals, for no one can be a democrat here without being one". The weapon of choice was the .36 caliber Navy Colt, favored over the heavier Army Colt. After I shot him,I went to help the others get Glasscock and Hockensmith. Dick Glasscock and Clark Hockensmith were the two bushwhackers who had turned to help Quantrill and were killed by the scouts. But devotion to a cause and carrying out orders were not to Quantrills liking. He was killed either by Dave Pooles brother William or by guerrilla George Shepherd, who was reported to have cut Jim Andersons throat on the courthouse lawn in Sherman Texas. A further order forcing the conscription of all able-bodied men into Union militias convinced many young men in Missouri to join the guerrillas instead. In winter, when concealment was difficult, the guerrillas would head south to Texas until the foliage returned in Missouri, though they did not leave drunkenness, mayhem, and murder behind in their Texas sojourns. "[8], In 1861, Quantrill went to Texas with the slaveholder Marcus Gill. Quantrill's raiders later added about 50 more men at the "Massey Creek rendezvous" in western Cass County. Union troops marched through behind them and burned buildings, torched planted fields, and shot down livestock to deprive the guerrillas of food, fodder and support. William Quantrill was a pro-slavery guerilla leader during the Civil War. Castel, Albert and Thomas Goodrich: Bloody Bill Anderson: The Short, Savage Life of a Civil War Guerrilla, Lawrence Kansas, 2006, Colton, Ray C.: The Civil War in the Western Territories, Norman, Oklahoma, 1959, Goodman, Thomas M., and Captain Harry A. Houston (ed. Complete your free account to request a guide. Terrell provided wagon transportation to a military hospital and prison in Louisville. Other members of the bandincluding Frank James and Cole Youngers brother, Jimdispersed. These rarely agree in detail and are usually colored by the perceived legal, political, or personal need for the veteran to present his story in a certain fashion, resulting in a variety of contradictory accounts. The Guerrilla shirt could be read by anyone familiar with the code of different flowers, their arrangement, and the color thread used for ornamentation. Once he and his men caught nine Union soldiers in a schoolhouse and killed them. Andersons reputation actually helped in recruitment; according to Jim Cummins, a member of Andersons band: Having looked the situation over I determined to join the worst devil in the bunch, so I decided it was Anderson for me as I wanted to see the blood flow., Union supporters or relatives of soldiers could expect little mercy. By Christmas 1861, he had ten men who would follow him full-time into his pro-Confederate guerrilla organization:[10][pageneeded] William Haller, George Todd, Joseph Gilcrist, Perry Hoy, John Little, James Little, Joseph Baughan, William H. Gregg, James A. Hendricks, and John W. Koger. While in Texas, Quantrill and his 400 men quarreled. Partners in Crime. Because I would not fight the people of Missouri, my native State, the Yankees sought my life but failed to get me. Quantrills guerrillas spent the 1863-64 winter with the Confederate Army in Texas. The best known of the leaders of the Missouri bushwhackers, also called pro-Confederate partisan rangers, was William Clarke Quantrill (often spelled Quantrell in period newspapers and writings). [29] The William Clarke Quantrill Society continues to celebrate Quantrill's life and deeds.[29]. William Quantrill's raid on the Free-State town of Lawrence, Kansas (also known as the Lawrence Massacre) was a defining moment in the border conflict. Abraham Lincoln Quotes Albert Einstein Quotes Bill Gates Quotes Bob Marley Quotes Bruce Lee Quotes Buddha Quotes Confucius Quotes John F. Kennedy Quotes John Lennon Quotes Mahatma Gandhi Quotes Marilyn Monroe Quotes Mark Twain Quotes. Todd was born in Montreal and was probably the only Canadian amongst the guerrillas. By some means apparently unknown to Langford, Quantrills mother later tracked down Langfords location and sent several letters to him, inquiring among other things if he had any relics of Quantrills body still in his possession, the Ledger reported. Still, some 52,000 recruits of questionable value and loyalties were impressed into the Union ranks. [11], On March 7, 1862, Quantrill and his men overcame a small Union outpost at Aubry, Kansas and ransacked the town. The most significant event in Quantrill's guerrilla career took place on August 21, 1863. Many were illiterate farm boys who followed whoever could provide them with revenge, adventure, whiskey, and loot. The area was so thoroughly devastated that it became known thereafter as the "Burnt District". The guerrillas responded with a policy of no quarter, and black flags began to appear in the rebel ranks. Some of the outlaws were relaxing, shedding tension with a sham battle of hurled corncobs and taking naps in a hayloft. Ironically, the poseur would be chased by authentic guerrilla hunters. Facebook Status Intelligence Action Advice Philosophy Religion Fashion Doing Your Best Right Art Self-knowledge Solution Literature Losing Self-esteem Possibility Happiness Questioning
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