Franois Dubois - Wikipedia However, in a more recent work than his history of the period, Holt concludes: "The ringleaders of the conspiracy appear to have been a group of four men: Henry, duke of Anjou; Chancellor Birague; the duke of Nevers, and the comte de Retz" (Gondi). These historic scenes are depicted alongside a fictional plot in which a Huguenot family is caught among the events. By focusing on describing the political and religious context for the massacre at the beginning, the author demonstrates the severity of the event. Corrections? Franois, Duke of Montmorency and governor of Paris, was unable to control the disturbances in the city. Lesson 4 - A Venetian Ambassafor's Report on St. Bartholomew's Day Lesson 1 - French Wars of Religion Unit 6 Flashcards | Quizlet The St Bartholomew's Day Massacre is the setting for Tim Willocks' historical novel, The Twelve Children of Paris (Matthias Tannhauser Trilogy:2), published in 2013. Neither faith had a monopoly on cruelty and misguided fervour". The book begins with an introduction that explores the political and religious context for the massacre and traces the course of the massacre and its aftermath. 33. Please enable JavaScript on your browser. The Massacre of St. Bartholomews Day had for its background the political and religious rivalries of the court of France. King Charles IX ordered the killing of a group of Huguenot leaders, including Coligny, and the slaughter spread throughout Paris. C. Renewed power for the Roman Inquisition 33. Anonymous, A German Print of the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre . For Le Monde, Youness Bousenna interviews Jrmie Foa, current Member in the School of Historical Studies, about his book on the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre:. "Holding a lit de justice, Charles declared that he had ordered the massacre in order to thwart a Huguenot plot against the royal family. View western civ 14&15.docx from SOC MISC at North Carolina Wesleyan College. Protestant Resistance Theory: The Wake-Up Call for the French and their Neighbors, 1574 . Henry VIII and the Act of Supremacy (1529-34) Uh-oh, it looks like your Internet Explorer is out of date. Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556) [35] In Bordeaux the inflammatory sermon on September 29 of a Jesuit, Edmond Auger, encouraged the massacre that was to occur a few days later. D. Priests in the countryside According to Reuters and the Associated Press, at a late-night vigil, with the hundreds of thousands of young people who were in Paris for the celebrations, he made the following comments: "On the eve of Aug. 24, we cannot forget the sad massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day, an event of very obscure causes in the political and religious history of France. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Roberts, Yvonne. Protestant countries were horrified at the events, and only the concentrated efforts of Catherine's ambassadors, including a special mission by Gondi, prevented the collapse of her policy of remaining on good terms with them. 32. [28], Although Charles had dispatched orders to his provincial governors on August 24 to prevent violence and maintain the terms of the 1570 edict,[29] from August to October, similar massacres of Huguenots took place in a total of twelve other cities: Toulouse, Bordeaux, Lyon, Bourges, Rouen,[30] Over the centuries, the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre has aroused a great deal of controversy. Saint Bartholomew's Day | Catholic Answers King from 1556 to 1598. Initially the coup d'tat of the duke of Anjou was a success, but Catherine de' Medici went out of her way to deprive him from any power in France: she sent him with the royal army to remain in front of La Rochelle and then had him elected King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. FROM A Venetian Ambassador's Report on the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre The struggle for supremacy in northern Italy, which marked the last half of the fif- teenth century, gave rise to a new form of diplomacy, including structures and pro- cedures that would be fundamental to relations among all modern states. Jesuit general from 1565 to 1572. 9395 for a different emphasis. Gaspard de Coligny a Huguenot leader, was the trigger that made the events of St. Bartholomews Day Massacre in 1572. 1. The homes and shops of Huguenots were pillaged and their occupants brutally murdered; many bodies were thrown into the Seine. Protestant Resistance Theory: The Wake-Up Call for the French and their Neighbors, 1574 . According to Denis Crouzet, Charles IX feared a Protestant uprising, and chose to strangle it at birth to protect his power. The massacre in Paris lasted three days despite the king's attempts to stop it. Following the failed assassination attack against the Admiral de Coligny (which Wanegffelen attributes to the Guise family and Spain), the Italian advisers of Catherine de' Medici undoubtedly recommended in the royal council the execution of about fifty Protestant leaders. The murder of thousands of French Protestants by Catholics in August 1572 influenced not only the subsequent course of France's civil wars and state building, but also patterns of international alliance and long-standing cultural values across Europe. [82][pageneeded]. The corpses floating down the Rhne from Lyon are said to have put the people of Arles off drinking the water for three months. The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre - Macmillan Learning St. Bartholomew's Day massacre - Wikipedia [76] The question of whether the massacre had long been premeditated was not entirely settled until the late 19th century by which time a consensus was reached that it was not.[77][78][79]. [60] Many Catholic authors were exultant in their praise of the king for his bold and decisive action (after regretfully abandoning a policy of meeting Huguenot demands as far as he could) against the supposed Huguenot coup, whose details were now fleshed out in officially sponsored works, though the larger mob massacres were somewhat deprecated: "[one] must excuse the people's fury moved by a laudable zeal which is difficult to restrain once it has been stirred up". Lasting several weeks in all, the massacre expanded outward to the countryside and other urban centres. FROM A Venetian Ambassador's Report on the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre 589,. All rights reserved. It was one event in the series of civil wars between Roman Catholics and Huguenots that beset France in the late 16th century. [47] For Paris, the only hard figure is a payment by the city to workmen for collecting and burying 1,100 bodies washed up on the banks of the Seine downstream from the city in one week. [50] The pope ordered a Te Deum to be sung as a special thanksgiving (a practice continued for many years after) and had a medal struck with the motto Ugonottorum strages 1572 (Latin: "Overthrow (or slaughter) of the Huguenots 1572") showing an angel bearing a cross and a sword before which are the felled Protestants. 72- . This peace, however, was precarious since the more intransigent Catholics refused to accept it. Paperback. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The failed assassination of Admiral de Coligny on 22 August 1572. ), p. 95, citing Benedict (2004), pp. File:Giorgio Vasari San Bartolomeo.jpg - Wikimedia Commons The rituals around the royal marriage had only intensified this cleavage, contrary to its intentions, and the "sentiments of estrangement radical otherness [had come] to prevail over sentiments of affinity between Catholics and Protestants". Report by the merchants' provost (Aug. 23, 1572) -- 19. [6] The Parlement's opposition and the court's absence from the wedding led to increased political tension. Catherine de' Medici, also called Catherine de Mdicis, Italian Caterina de' Medici, (born April 13, 1519, Florence [Italy]died January 5, 1589, Blois, France), queen consort of Henry II of France (reigned 1547-59) and subsequently regent of France (1560-74), who was one of the most influential personalities of the Catholic-Huguenot wars. [69] The most extreme of these writers was Camilo Capilupi, a papal secretary, whose work insisted that the whole series of events since 1570 had been a masterly plan conceived by Charles IX, and carried through by frequently misleading his mother and ministers as to his true intentions. A.P. Euro Chapter 15 terms Flashcards | Quizlet [20] Fears of Huguenot reprisals grew. The Catholic Reformation 5, From Lamentation over the Destruction of Sumer and Urim 6, Letters of Royal Women of the Old Babylonian Period 27, Chapter 2 Peoples, Cods, and Empires, 1700-500 B.C.E. Power Point He wrote in part, "St. Bartholomew's was unquestionably the finest thing of the kind ever devised and accomplished in the world. The Guises, who were highly popular, exploited this situation to put pressure on the King and the Queen Mother. The Swiss mercenaries expelled the Protestant nobles from the Louvre castle and then slaughtered them in the streets. [83][pageneeded], Traditional histories have tended to focus more on the roles of the political notables whose machinations began the massacre than the mindset of those who actually did the killing. Useful pedagogic aids include headnotes and gloss notes to the documents, a list of major figures, a chronology of key events, questions for consideration, a selected bibliography, and an index. Elizabeth (queen of England, 1558-1603) Nowhere was this system more fully and expertly articulated than by the Republic of Venice in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. [13] Thus, the massacre "marked the beginning of a new form of French Protestantism: one that was openly at war with the crown. Essay Questions:Bartholomew's Day Massacre? They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Became a Roman Catholic to bring political peace to his country Guise Family Leaders of the Roman Catholic faction during the Wars of Religion on France What was significant about the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre to the Wars of Religion on France?