The black powder at the time quickly fouled the barrel, making reloading slower and more difficult. Please use the print button in the share bar at the top of the page. [17], An alternative type of rifle ammunition which saw use during the Civil War was the exploding bullet. With seven rounds of .56-56 Spencer rimfire on tap, the rifle delivered overwhelming firepower for the time. Not only is the Sharps perhaps one of the most elegant rifles to come out of the Civil War era, it also performed. Sir Joseph Whitworth was the man behind the machine, inspired by cannon design in conceiving his polygonal rifled long gun. Almost all rifles were made with iron barrels, while only some, like the Burnside, used steel, which then was expensive. I have a sword it has a straight blade a bent brass hilt, total length 38 1 Smoothbore vs Rifled Musket, a Tactical Reality Check. [16], When the American Civil War broke out in April 1861, neither the North (about 360,000 small arms) nor the South (about 240,000) had enough weapons to fight a major war. Designed by the famous Civil War General Ambrose Burnside in 1853 before the war, the Burnside carbine was originally produced, delivered, and trialed to the United States government in 1858. Burnsides company went under and he sold his patent to Charles Jackson. Most rifles of this era were muzzle loaded rifled muskets. Rock Island Auction Company's December 2021 Premier Firearms Auction. The Colt repeating rifle was one of the first repeating rifles, alongside with the Henry. This may not be a true Sharps, but the historically relevant and rare nature of a Confederate-made copy made this a popular item. 8. "Civil War Firearms: Their Historical Background and Tactical Use" By Joseph G. Bilby, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, United States armory at Springfield, Massachusetts, 1866 Springfield "Trapdoor" infantry rifle, http://www.nps.gov/archive/gett/soldierlife/webguns.htm, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, It has been suggested that this article be merged into. The military tried to work around this in various ways, but the Colt Revolving rifle was discontinued. The second contract at the same . It looks like the wood has been sanded and refinished. I say that because of the blow out plugs which one normally doesn't see on lower grade guns. A rugged design that was simple to construct, the Model 1861 and its derivatives (including the Springfield Model 1863) were the most common rifles in the war, with Northern arsenals producing over a million examples. In April of 2018, a desirable Sharps Model 1853 slant breech percussion carbine sold for $12,650 at auction. The Lorenz Rifle (again a rifled musket of the Mini variety) had highly mixed reviews in the Civil War. We buy, sell, identify, authenticate and appraise Antique Civil War and Confederate Firearms of all types, manufactured prior to 1866. Hi. However, the military was still using tactics such as firing by ranks, and feared that shorter barrels would result in soldiers in the back ranks accidentally shooting front rank soldiers in the back of the head. It was second only to the Springfield model 1861 in popularity. Calibre .52 and Gwyn and Campbell carbine, Prussian Muskets (hand-written onto form), Austrian Muskets (hand-written onto form), This page was last edited on 25 April 2023, at 17:08. We authenticate and appraise Antique Civil War Guns. [11] The 14th Illinois once attempted target practice with a barrel set up 180 yards from the firing line, but of 160 shots fired only four actually hit it. Interestingly enough, Colt Manufacturing sent around 2,200 Model 1860 Colts to the South on contract early in the war. By 1864, some Union companies were armed with them, although rarely whole regiments. The action was excellent which is more than one can ask for in a gun that is over 150 years old. If needed all that had to be done was put the caps on nipples and it was ready to shoot.. While mainly a Union firearm, a few did fall into the hands of the Confederates. Rifled muskets quickly became the standard weapon of modern armies of the period, including the United States, while some smoothbore muskets were converted into rifles. The third most widely used weapon of the Civil War was the Lorenz Rifle. A Colt Model 1860 Army revolver, shipped to New Orleans on April 9, 1861, only three days before the Confederates attacked Fort Sumter. Old Winchester rifles are synonymous with the America during the 19th century, Civil War Political Cartoons: Behind the History, Cartoons haven't always been used to bring humor to the Sunday newspapers; rather, throughout history, they've been used to illustrate the pulse of contemporary society. Some were considered to be of the finest quality, and were sometimes praised as being superior to the Enfield. Advances in firearms technology were quickly progressing in the mid-1800s making for some seriously well designed and powerful arms development during the Civil War. Bridesburg Model 1861. CAT. A forum community dedicated to all firearm owners and enthusiasts. The last one I did had printing on it . A type of long-range ammunition, this is what people commonly think of as a "cannon ball". Typically, these rifles featured three metal bands along the long, narrow barrels with percussion cap mechanisms. The Civil War brought many advances in firearms technology, most notably the widespread use of rifled barrels. The benefit of this Civil War rifle was that it could be fired in rapid succession without pausing to reload after each shot. Rifled muskets not only blunted the frontal assault by enemy infantry but also neutralized the offensive capabilities of cavalry and field artillery and thereby led to the increased usage of trench warfare. Originally produced at the Royal Small Arms Factory at Enfield, England, approximately 900,000 of these muskets were imported during 18611865, seeing use in every major battle from Shiloh onward. I am confused, do you have one or two weapons? PLEASE READ BEFORE COMMENTING! Rifles were more accurate than smooth bore muskets, and could have been made using shorter barrels. p. 1-3, Axelrod,A. In addition to the expected spherical shape of ball ammunition, there are impacted balls (those that were fired and hit something) and spent balls (those that were fired and eventually ran out of energy without hitting something). At the same time, Northern rifle and gun manufacturers such as Sharps, Colt, Remington, and the Springfield Armory quickly increased their production of rifles;[18] Springfield alone increased its annual output from 20,000 to 200,000. The Confederates attempted to claim the moral high ground by arguing they never stooped to using exploding bullets, however the Richmond Arsenal manufactured at least 100,000 exploding bullets and examples of Confederates using exploding bullets can be found during the Battle of Glendale and the Siege of Vicksburg. If they are twist steel the gun may be an earlier example. In our 2019 May Premier Auction, we had four Colt Model 1860 Army revolver sell at auction. The revolver was in in good condition retaining gray and brown patina and had character with a few dents and scratches. This rifle was invented in 1854 by Austrian lieutenant Joseph Lorenz. The South didnt have the manufacturing ability to produce the guns they needed, so they contracted 5,000 to be produced overseas. The Civil War witnessed a technological revolution in weaponry. Similar in design to the Enfield rifle, early Lorenz rifles were considered superb weapons right out of the factory, but they had a .54 caliber bore which could not accept the same bullets as the Springfield and Enfield. 27, No. It was a hollow shell filled with scraps . Yes Sir, I unloaded one just the other day. Burnside Carbine. This was a single shot, muzzle-loading gun that used the percussion cap firing mechanism. The Brunswick rifle was a high tech rifle during the 1830s when it was originally manufactured, but by the 1860s, it was an obsolete firearm. [18][20], Some soldiers considered the Enfield to be superior to the Springfield in terms of quality and accuracy. The six shooter, single action black powder gun could do some damage to an opponent up to about 100 yards away. Besides the Henry, no other long gun could provide a shooter with 7 rounds before having to reload. Officially, less than 2,000 of the revolutionary, lever-action repeating rifles were procured by the Union. In the decades leading up to the Civil War, several advances helped make the rifle a more practical weapon for the average soldier. Barn find. The American Civil War still remains the deadliest conflict in our nation's history. The invention of the Mini ball solved the slow loading problem, allowing smoothbore muskets to be replaced by rifles in the decades just before the civil war. I learned this the hard way. In addition, most existing military doctrine was based around the smoothbore musket. In fact, the reinterment of all the soldiers at the Camden Battlefield site is being delayed until the U.S. Army and the South Carolina Battleground Preservation Trust can turn the ground into a . The lever action gun could fire off 20 rounds a minute on average making it ten times faster than the traditional muzzleloaders of the time. The firearm was the most used carbine of the war and the most commonly carried by Union cavalry, with some 90,000 produced. During the Civil War, Robert E. Lee was equipped with an 1851 Navy and the revolver model was the most prominently used by Confederate forces. Confederate General Braxton Braggs LeMat revolver realized an incredible $103,500 during Rock Island Auction Company's December 2021 Premier Firearms Auction. If a soldier needed a firearm that had versatility and good repeating capability, it doesnt get much handier than this grapeshot revolver combo. It is assumed from official records that somewhere around 230,000 Spencer rifles were used in the second half of the war. They are found, though, in many forms. Back in May of 2017, we sold a Spencer 1865 carbine for $9,775. Take a walk down the brick-lined memory lane with these vintage Lego sets. [17] Stockpiles of rifles and handguns carried by individual soldiers were limited. More interestingly, there is evidence that at least 7 Confederate brigades possessed Burnside carbines and used them in battle. We have an old rifle that has been passed on through my wifes family from, we believe, the Ciivil War. Only 13,000 Spencer rifles were purchased by the Union. There were nevertheless drawbacks to these weapons, as early breechloaders leaked gas at the breech and repeaters were technically complex and required metallic cartridges which could be unreliable. Traditionally, mounted soldiers carried a lance, sword, or pistol and could sweep enemy infantry weakened by artillery or musket fire. Conically-shaped with a hollow base, the Mini ball could be easily loaded but expanded upon firing to fit the rifling grooves. If . There was also the Model 1859 Sharps rifle, a single-shot breechloader. And it might be one of the most unique long-gun designs of the war, and perhaps overall firearms history. The relatively poor South only bought 50,000 by August 1862, while the North bought 726,000. William Brooke Johns, Hidden in Plain Sight: Compiled Service Records as Sources for Confederate Arms and Equipment, Firearms Genealogy: The Impossible Takes Longer. It is said Gen. Hiram Berdan had to circumvent his superiors and essentially appeal to President Lincoln himself to get the Sharps in play. This one is thrown in the list for fun, who doesnt like a good Le Mat revolver? During the American Civil War, the rifle was the most common weapon found on the battlefield. Another new characteristic of this war, for all the enduring need for artillery, is the primacy of precision weapons over the major military platforms that have dominated the battlefield for more . For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. The only breechloading rifle (not built as a carbine like the Burnside) firing a primed-metallic cartridge (a .50 cal. Observe the Rifle's Silhouette. Most of these new rifle-muskets still had to be loaded between . The first Model 1861 Springfields were delivered late in that year and during 1862 gradually became the most common weapon carried by Union infantry in the eastern theater. During the American Civil War, there was a real transitory period happening within the firearms industry. Later Fremont would testify that the primers were not included; they had exploded in shipment. Bayonet fighting was also important at this time, which also made militaries reluctant to shorten the barrels. In September of 2018, RIAC sold a Paris marked First Model Le Mat revolver for $17,250. One has been a longtime priority of the committee's chairman, Rep. Mike Gallagher (R-Wis.): accelerating the delivery of about $19 billion in weapons Taiwan has already purchased. The Civil War rifle became so popular that the Confederate forces copied the design and started producing their own versions of Sharps carbines. All rights reserved. Army smoothbore infantry musket. If it's US made, which appears likely, it may or may not have any stampings on it. Manufactured in New Haven, Connecticut, these rifles have an iconic gold lever-action mechanism and blue finish. [19], The use of more exotic types of ammunition during the Civil War is harder to confirm. Posted December 24, 2009. Others, especially those in later purchases, were described as horrible in both design and condition. This was converted from tubelock to percussion by Henry Leman of Lancaster, PA, in converted from tubelock to percussion by Henry Leman of Lancaster, PA, in late 1862 or early 1863. These rifles were used by both the United States of America ("Union") and the Confederate States of America . Appraiser, Seller and Dealer of Civil War Guns to include Revolvers, Pistols, Rifles, Muskets, Carbines and Cannons, Union and Confederate. You have entered an incorrect email address! At the root of the wide chasm in opinion on the Austrian Empires service arm appears to be manufacturing standards of the fairly complex weapon. Took a propane torch to heat them and I had not removed all the caked in powder. As a result, cavalry came to be used mainly for raiding and scouting, and seldom participated in major battles. One of the few standard-issue exploding bullets was designed by Samuel Gardiner Jr. for the Union Army. The Civil War rifle was the model that John Brown used in his raid of Harpers Ferry. Sold for $3,163 in September 2018. While perhaps not as fast between shots as other repeaters that made their appearance in the Civil War it had to be manually cocked the Spencer was perhaps the most reliable. Good thing, too, because battlefield surgeons already had their hands more than full at the pace soldiers were being wounded and killed by the Model 1861. Captain James H. Burton improved the American Mini ball fired by the Springfield by hollowing the base of the soft-lead bullet. Small-caliber projectiles are among the most frequently-found artifacts at military sites. army service. Model 1861 Springfield rifle-muskets became one of the favorite longarms for the Union. It is suggested by some that the Burnside Carbine was what vaulted Burnside the man to the upper ranks of the Union Army and on to debacles in the Battle of Fredericksburg and the Battle of the Crater. A spectacular Civil War U.S. Burnside Fifth Model breech loading saddle ring carbine. Where a domestically produced rifle would cost around $25, a cased Whitworth with 1,000 rounds of ammunition would cost a stunning $1,000. By Katharine Houreld. In Civil War battles, infantry typically fought in a widely-spread out line, with the men using trees, rocks, buildings, etc. The second most widely used weapon of the Civil War, and the most widely used weapon by the Confederates, was the British Pattern 1853 Enfield. Outdoor Hub, LLC (d/b/a Carbon Media Group), 30800 Telegraph Rd, Suite 1921, Bingham Farms, MI 48025 USA. Burnside's design eliminated the expulsion of hot gas from the weapon when it was fired by sealing the area between the barrel and the breech. But even with those drawbacks, its hard to argue that a soldier with a Henry in his hands didn't have a great advantage over nearly any enemy he met. 4 | "War in an Age of Wonders" By Michael P. Musick The information most sought after in ordnance records is data on the issuance of arms by serial number. The Colt revolver made its way to be the second most common military hand gun of the Confederacy. There were only around 4,000 fluted cylinder Colts of this design produced, so that combined with its Confederate rarity boosted its price tag. These are a few of the more unique rifles that have documented use during the 19th century conflict. [1] Accordingly, during the first two years of the war soldiers from both sides used a wide variety of rifles, including many that were over 50 years old and were considered obsolete. These Gardiner rounds were similar to the Mini ball but filled with fulminate and a time fuse set to detonate one to three seconds after firing. After experimenting with the failed Maynard primer system on the Model 1855 musket, the Model 1861 reverted to the more reliable percussion lock. Military leaders therefore preferred the faster loading smooth bore weapons over the more accurate rifles. The lowest selling went for $3,163 and was a civilian model. Sharps were the most highly desirable Civil War rifles and carbines for sharpshooters. List of Civil War Rifles and Their Unique Features, Civil War Weapons: A Closer Look at History, Winchester Firearms Values of Antique Models, Civil War Weapons: An Illustrated Guide to the Wide Range of Weaponry Used on the Battlefield, Civil War Firearms: Their Historical Background and Tactical Use. Single-Shot Rifle. rimfire) made by the Federal Government (at Springfield Armory) and actually designed for issue to infantrymen was the Model 1865 Springfield Joslyn Rifle, of which only 3,007 were made. And it can still be found harvesting game today. Western armies were slower to obtain Springfield rifles, and they were not widely used there until the middle of 1863. [2] see Its no wonder both sides wanted a handful of Burnsides in their soldiers hands. Some types of rifles were regionally specific, while others were used across all arenas of the war. Again, the high level of condition shown is rare to come by with Civil War guns considering the predicted heavy use and age of the firearms. Surveying a number of battles, they found that Civil War combat still largely took place at ranges similar to or slightly better than smoothbore muskets, suggesting no revolution had taken place in the way war was conducted. Along with a revised 1863 model, it was the last muzzle-loading weapon ever adopted by the US Army. p. 249-250, Hess,E.J. a U.S. Colt Model 1851 Navy percussion revolver. Smooth-bore muskets were cast aside for updated rifled muskets (which still had the same components as a traditional musket but featured boring in the barrels that aided in keeping ammunition going in a straighter, more consistent, line upon exit). Civil War Hats: Different Types and Where to Find Them, From reenactments to museums, you can find beautifully preserved artifacts detailing the daily lives of Americans during the Civil War. A common practice was to load them and leave precussion cap off. If it was manufactured between 1860-1864, chances are pretty high that it was used in some capacity in the war. k.k. However, it established the single-shot metallic cartridge breechloader as a standard infantry weapon, which eventually all modern armies adopted in one form or another. Polly Pocket: History & Value of Barbies Biggest 90s Rival. Many officers, however, preferred the Springfield muskets over the Enfield musketslargely due to the interchangeability of parts that the machine-made Springfields offered. Some Confederates got a hold of Henry rifles too, but faced the same problem they did when they captured a Sharps or a Spencer ammunition. In the decades leading up to the Civil War, numerous advances had been made in weapons. I HAVE I HEAVY BARREL TARGET RIFLE FROM THE CIVIL WAR. What might be surpr. [19], One ammunition type which could be mistaken for an exploding bullet was the Williams cleaner bullet. Firearms. To get a better handle on exactly why this seminal war was as bloody as it was, here are the 8 Long Guns You Have to Know from the American Civil War. Box 160 Llano, Texas 78643 If you have a specific identification question, please see our Identification Request Page. Nevertheless, the Federal government did eventually purchase thousands of these weapons, and thousands more were purchased by Union soldiers using their own money. Unfortunately for the lucky Confederate troops who happened to capture these rifles from Union soldiers, there wasn't an easy way to access the special ammunition that the guns required. Once they shot what they had on hand, there was no way to replenish their supplies, given the ammo manufacturers were based in the North. In comparison to the Springfield's three rounds per minute, the Henry rifle could fire 28 rounds per minute. At the same time, Northern rifle and gun manufacturers such as Sharps, Colt, Remington, and the United States armory at Springfield, Massachusetts quickly increased their production of rifles;[2] Springfield alone increased its annual output from 20,000 to 200,000. Our most recent sale of a Civil War 4th Model presentation grade Burnside rifle was in our May 2019 auction.
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how to identify civil war rifles 2023